Ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi mīhini taiaho nd yag hei whakatika i te whānuitanga o ngā āwangawanga i te tau 2025, tae atu ki te whakaora kiri, ngā whara toto, te huruhuru kāore e hiahiatia, te tae kiri, te tango moko, ngā mate harore, ngā kiritona, ngā tikanga ophthalmology, me ngā mahi ahumahi. Ko te kaha o te mīhini ki te uru ki ngā paparanga hohonu o te kiri e akiaki ana i tōna rongonui i roto i ngā whare hauora kiri. Ko te pikinga o te hiahia mō ngā maimoatanga ataahua e whakaata ana i te whai huatanga o ngā otinga taiaho, inā koa mō te hakihaki, te tae kiri, me te tango huruhuru.
| Ngā Whakawhanaketanga Hou o te Hangarau Taiaho Nd:YAG |
|---|
| Ngā taiaho pāorooro poto-rahi, kaha-teitei mō te rangahau |
| Ngā pūnaha kiato, whakamatao-hau mō te kawe |
| Te tukatuka urutau a te AI mō te ahumahi |
| Ngā pūnaha ranu me ngā roangaru maha |
| Ngā pūnaha hauora aunoa me te hoahoa taiao |
Te Whakaora Kiri me te Mīhini Reera Nd:YAG
Te rongoā i ngā raina angiangi me ngā kita
Ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi mīhini taiaho nd yag hei whakatika i ngā raina angiangi me ngā kita me te tino tika. Ka whakaoho te roangaru 1320-nm i te hanga collagen i roto i tō kiri. Ka aro tēnei tukanga ki ngā paparanga kiri me te tiaki i te mata o waho, kia pai ai mō ngā momo kiri katoa. He maha ngā tūroro, inā koa ko te hunga he kiri Āhia, kua kōrero kua kitea te whakaiti i ngā kita me te maeneene ake o te kakano kiri.
● Ka akiaki te reera i tō kiri kia hanga anō i a ia anō, ka hua ake he āhua hou, he āhua taitamariki.
● Tērā pea ka kite koe i te pikinga o te ngāwari me te pakari i muri i ētahi maimoatanga.
| Ngā kitenga | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Te Whakaiti i ngā Wrinkle | Kua whakaatuhia te kaha o te whakamahi i te taiaho Nd:YAG 1064-nm roa-pāhekoheko hei whakaiti i ngā kita o te mata. |
| Whakapai ake i te ngāwari o te kiri | E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka whakapai ake te taiaho i te ngāwari o te kiri mā te whakaputa collagen me te elastin. |
| Whakahohenga Pūwero | Mā ngā pānga wera o te taiaho ka whakahohehia ngā pūtau kikorangi (fibroblasts), ka whakatairanga i te hanga collagen me te elastin hou. |
Te Whakapai ake i te Kakano me te Tae o te Kiri
Ka kitea pea ngā whakapainga o te kakano me te tae o te kiri i muri i te whakamahi i te mīhini taiaho nd yag. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau haumanu ka āwhina tēnei hangarau ki te whakaiti i te taratara, te whakaiti i te rahi o ngā pore, me te whakataurite i te tae o te kiri.
Te Whakaoho i te Hanga Koratene
He mea nui te korakena mō te kiri taitamariki, pakari hoki. Ka whakamahia e te mīhini taiaho nd yag te pūngao tata-whero hei toro atu ki ngā paparanga hohonu o tō kiri, ka whakaoho i te hanganga korakena me te elastin hou.
"Kua hurihia e ngā maimoatanga taiaho te mahi kiri, he otinga kaha mō ngā momo raruraru kiri, tae atu ki te kaha ki te uru ki roto i ngā paparanga kiri motuhake me te whakaoho i te hanga collagen, ka hua ake he kiri maeneene ake, he kiri mārō ake."
| Ngā kitenga | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Te Hanganga o te Korakena | Ka whakaoho te taiaho Nd:YAG i te hanganga collagen mā te whakaputa i ngā urupare mumura. |
| Tukunga Cytokine | Mā te maimoatanga ka tukuna ngā cytokine e whakarei ake ai i te whakaora kiri. |
| Te Maimoatanga mō ngā Pores Whakanuia | He whai hua anō hoki te taiaho ki te rongoā i ngā pore mata kua nui, e tohu ana i tōna whakamahinga maha ki te whakaora i te kiri. |
Ka whai hua koe i te kiri mārō, ngāwari ake i te pikinga ake o ngā taumata o te collagen. Ka āwhina tēnei tukanga ki te whakaiti i ngā tohu o te koroheketanga, ā, ka tautoko hoki i te hauora o te kiri whānui.
Ngā whara toto e rongoatia ana e te mīhini taiaho Nd:YAG
Ngā Uaua Pūngāwerewere me te Telangiectasia
Ka taea e koe te rongoā i ngā uaua pungawerewere me te telangiectasia me te whakamahi i te mīhini taiaho nd yag. Ko te roangaru 1064 nm e pā ana ki ngā oko toto i raro i tō kiri, ka hinga, ka memeha haere i te roanga o te wā. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau haumanu i ngā reiti whakapainga teitei mō ēnei āhuatanga.
| Āhua | Te Auau Whakapai Ake |
|---|---|
| Ngā Angioma Pūngāwerewere | 100% |
| Telangiectasia Kanohi | 97% |
| Telangiectasia o te Waewae | 80.8% |
Tērā pea ka kitea ngā hua i muri i ētahi wā poto noa iho. He haumaru te tikanga, ā, he pai te manawanui, he iti noa te mamae. Ka taea e koe te tumanako ka heke te whero me te mārama ake o te kiri.
Rosacea me te Whero o te Kanohi
Mena kei te raru koe i te rosacea, i te whero tonu rānei o te mata, ka taea e koe te whai hua mai i te rongoā taiaho arotahi. Ka tukuna e te mīhini taiaho nd yag te pūngao ki roto i tō kiri, ka whakaiti i ngā oko toto kua whānui, ka whakamarie i te mumura.
● Ko te nuinga o ngā tūroro e kī ana he pai ake te kiri i muri i te maimoatanga.
● Tērā pea ka kite koe i te memeha rawa o te whero me te telangiectasia i roto i ngā wiki e ono.
● Ka pai ake te kounga o te oranga i te mea ka memeha haere te whero o te mata.
Ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i te murunga mō te wā roa mā te whai i ētahi wā. Kāore he pokanga e pokanoa ana, ā, he iti noa te wā e hiahiatia ana hei whakaora.
Ngā uaua waewae me ngā uaua varicose
Ka taea e koe te whakatika i ngā uaua waewae me ngā uaua varicose mā te hangarau laser matatau. Ka aro nui te mīhini laser nd yag ki ngā whara toto hohonu ake, ka whakaiti i te kino o te kiri e karapoti ana.
| Tikanga Maimoatanga | Ōrau Whakakore (3 tau) | Whakataurite Whai Huatanga |
|---|---|---|
| Polidocanol anake | 15% (Akomanga I), 18% (Akomanga II), 17% (Akomanga III) | Tūāpapa |
| Polidocanol + Nd:YAG Laser | 89% (Akomanga I), 94% (Akomanga II), 95% (Akomanga III) | Tino teitei ake (p < 0.001) |
Kāore e nui te mamae, ā, ka tere te ora. He pai te mahi a te tikanga mō ngā uaua kikorangi me te kakariki, ā, he otinga kore-whakaeke mō ngā raruraru toto.
Te Tango Huruhuru mā te Mīhini Taiaho Nd:YAG
Te Whakaiti Tuturu i ngā Makawe Kāore e Hiahiatia
Ka taea e koe te whakaiti i te makawe mō te wā roa mā te whakamahi i te mīhini taiaho nd yag. Ka whakamahia e tēnei hangarau he roangaru 1064 nm e pāorooro ana ki ngā pūtake makawe i raro i tō kiri. He maha ngā rangahau haumanu e whakaū ana i tōna whai huatanga mō te whakaiti i te makawe tuturu.
● Kua kitea e ngā tūroro te whakahekenga o te huruhuru ki te 80%.
● I muri i te ono marama o te tirotiro, tera pea ka kitea he hekenga o te maha o ngā makawe mā te 79.4%.
● E ai ki ētahi atu rangahau, kua heke te maha o ngā makawe i waenga i te 50% me te 60%.
● Mā te tikanga 'nekehanga' ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te mamae me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā wera.
| Wāhanga Maimoatanga | Ngā Kaitautoko (%) |
|---|---|
| Wāhanga Tuatoru | 5 |
| Wāhanga Tuawhā | 15 |
| Wāhanga 5 | 25 |
| Wāhanga 6 | 56 |
Ka kite koe ka pai ake ngā hua i ia wā. Ko te nuinga o ngā tūroro me maha ngā maimoatanga hei whakatutuki i te whakaiti huruhuru tino pai. Ka tukuna e te tukanga he otinga haumaru, whai hua hoki mō ngā huruhuru kāore e hiahiatia i ngā wāhi rerekē o te tinana.
Te Whakaora Haumaru i ngā Momo Kiri Pōuri
Mena he mangu ake tō kiri, ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki te mīhini taiaho nd yag mō te tango huruhuru haumaru me te whai hua. Ka whakamahia e te taputapu he roanga ngaru e karo ana i te melanin i roto i te kiriuhi kiri, e arotahi ana te kaha ki te pūtake huruhuru me te tiaki i te kiri e karapoti ana.
Ko te taiaho Nd:YAG te mea haumaru mō ngā momo kiri Fitzpatrick IV ki VI. Ka karohia e tōna roangaru roa te melanin i roto i te kiri kiri, ka uru hohonu atu ki roto i te kiri, ka arotahi ki te pūtake makawe, ka waiho te kiri e karapoti ana kia kore e pāngia.
I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau tata nei he tino pai te mahi a te taiaho Nd:YAG roa-paoro mō te whakaiti i te huruhuru i ngā momo kiri IV me V. Ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i ngā hua mō te wā roa mā te whakamahi i ngā rerenga e tika ana me te whakanui ake i te wā i waenga i ngā wā.
| Ako | Ngā kitenga | Ngā tawhā |
|---|---|---|
| Rogachefsky me ētahi atu | Te whakahekenga makawe hiranga ā-tatauranga | 60 J/cm2 (50 ms), 80 J/cm2 (50 ms) |
| Rangahau taiaho Nd:YAG roa-pāorooro | Haumaru, whai hua hoki mō ngā momo kiri IV me V | Ngā rerenga e tika ana me te nui haere o ngā āputa wātū |
● He haumaru te taiaho Nd:YAG mō ngā momo kiri Fitzpatrick IV ki te VI.
● Ka whakaiti i te mimiti o te melanin, ka whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga o te wera.
● Ka whai hua te arotahi ki ngā pūtake makawe, ā, ka tiakina hoki tō kiri.
Tohutohu: Me kōrero tonu ki tētahi tohunga ngaio kia mōhio ai koe ki ngā tautuhinga pai mō tō momo kiri me te tae o tō makawe.
Te Panoni, te Tango Tā moko, me ngā Āwangawanga Kiri me te Mīhini Taiaho Nd:YAG
Te Tango i ngā Tā moko kāore e hiahiatia
Ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki te mīhini taiaho nd yag hei tango i ngā moko kāore e hiahiatia me te tino tika. Ka whakamahia e tēnei hangarau ngā roangaru motuhake hei wawahi i ngā matūriki waituhi maha-tae i roto i tō kiri. He maha ngā tūroro e kite ana i ngā hua pai, ahakoa ka kite pea ētahi i te māramatanga poto o te kiri.
● E 4-6 pea ngā wā moko mō ngā tā moko amateur. E 15-20 pea ngā wā moko ngaio, neke atu rānei.
● Ko ētahi wā ka eke ki ngā hua pai rawa atu i roto i ngā wā poto ake i te wā i whakaarohia, ko ētahi ia ka roa ake te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te tango katoa.
● He maha ngā wā ka whakakotahi ngā tākuta i ngā momo maimoatanga rerekē kia rite ki ō hiahia ahurei.
Tohutohu: Me kōrero tonu ki tētahi kaiwhakarato kua whakangungua kia taea ai e koe te whakatakoto i ngā tumanakohanga pono mō tō haerenga tango moko.
| Momo Āwangawanga | Ngā Taipitopito Maimoatanga |
|---|---|
| Tango Tā moko | He whai hua mō te wawahi i te waituhi maha-tae mā te whakamahi i ngā roangaru motuhake. |
| Ngā Take o te Pikitia | Ka rongoa i nga ahuatanga penei i te melasma, café-au-lait macules, nevus o Ota, me te PIH. |
Te rongoā i te whero-pango me ngā ira tawhito
Ka taea e koe te rongoā i te kiri mātotoru me ngā ira tawhito mā te mīhini taiaho nd yag. Ka aro atu tēnei taputapu ki te kiri mātotoru nui, ā, ka āwhina i a koe kia mārama ake, kia ōrite ake hoki te kiri. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau haumanu i ngā hua pai mō ngā momo take kiri mātotoru.
| Arotahi ki te Ako | Ngā kitenga |
|---|---|
| Te maimoatanga o ngā whara kiri kua puta te tae | I kitea he whai hua, he haumaru hoki te taiaho Q-switched Nd:YAG mō te hypermelanosis pai. |
| Te whakataunga o ngā macule labial | Whakataunga katoa me te kore he panoni kakano. |
| Te tere urupare i roto i ngā iraira | 83% o ngā tūroro i whakaatu i ngā urupare pai ki te tino pai. |
| Te rongoā i te hyperpigmentation me ngā koha | He pai ake te āhua; ka tino ora i muri i ngā wānanga e whā. |
| Te whero o te kiri i muri i te mumura | I rongoatia angitu i muri i te hakihaki me te keloids. |
| Te hanganga collagen i roto i ngā koha o te hakihaki | Ka whakaoho i te hanga me te hanga anō o te collagen. |
Kia mōhio: Tērā pea ka kite koe i te whakapainga i muri i ētahi wā noa iho, me te iti rawa o te mōrearea o te koha, o te huringa rānei o te kakano.
Melasma me te kino o te rā
Ka taea e koe te whakatika i te melasma me ngā kino o te rā mā te whakamahi i ngā maimoatanga taiaho matatau. He kōwhiringa haumaru te mīhini taiaho nd yag mō te tae uaua, inā koa ka kore e angitu ētahi atu tikanga. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he pai ngā hua o ngā taiaho Nd:YAG Q-switched iti-fluence (LFQS Nd:YAG) mō te melasma, ahakoa ka rerekē pea ngā hua i roto i te wā.
| Momo Akoranga | Te maha o ngā tūroro | Ngā kitenga |
|---|---|---|
| Whakamātautau Whakahaere Matapōkere | 6 | He pai ngā hua mō te melasma me te taiaho LFQS Nd:YAG |
| Kāore i te Matapōkeretia Kāore i te Mana Whakahaeretia | 92 | He pai ngā hua o te LFQS Nd:YAG laser monotherapy |
| Te aroturukitanga mō te wā roa | - | Ngā hua taupatupatu i muri i ngā marama e toru o te maimoatanga |
| Rangahau mata-wehewehe | - | Kāore he hiranga i waenga i ngā momo taiaho Nd:YAG rerekē |
● Ko te taiaho LFQS Nd:YAG te mea e tino rangahauhia ana mō te melasma.
● Tērā pea ka pai ake ngā hua o ngā maimoatanga whakakotahi me te IPL mō ētahi tūroro.
Mena kei te raru koe i te kino o te rā, i te melasma rānei, ka taea e koe te tumanako kia piki haere te pai mā te whai i tētahi mahere maimoatanga whaiaro.
Ngā Mate Harore, Ngā Pōturi, me Ngā Whakamahinga Hou o te Mīhini Taiaho Nd:YAG
Te rongoā i te harore whao (Onychomycosis)
Ka taea e koe te rongoā i te harore whao me te mīhini taiaho nd yag, e tuku ana i tētahi otinga kore-whakaeke mō te onychomycosis. Ka aro atu tēnei hangarau ki ngā pūtau harore i raro i te pereti whao, ka āwhina i a koe kia mārama ake ngā whao i roto i te wā. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau haumanu ka taea e te rongoā taiaho te whakapai ake i ngā tere whakaora, inā koa ka honoa ki ngā maimoatanga ā-papa.
Te rongoā i ngā kiriuhi me ngā verrucae
Ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki te mīhini taiaho nd yag hei whakakore i ngā kiri uaua me ngā verrucae. Ka uru hohonu te roangaru 1064 nm ki roto i te kiri, ka whakangaro i ngā kiko kiri, me te whakaiti i te kino ki ngā pūtau hauora.
● I oti i te taiaho te whakakore katoa i ngā kiritona i ngā tūroro katoa i muri i ngā marama e ono.
● I pai te aro o te nuinga o ngā tūroro ki te tikanga, ā, he wā poto noa iho ngā pānga i pā mai pērā i te whero o te kiri, te kiri kiri rānei.
● I kitea i roto i tētahi arotake o ngā rangahau 35 me ngā tūroro 2,149, ko ngā reiti urupare i waenga i te 46% me te 100% mō ngā kiritona kore-ira.
● Ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu maimoatanga, i whakaatuhia e te taiaho he tino whai huatanga ki te whakakore i ngā pōturi.
Ka taea e koe te tumanako ki tētahi kōwhiringa haumaru, whai hua hoki mō te rongoā i ngā kiritona, ina koa ka kore e angitu ētahi atu maimoatanga.
Ngā Tukanga Ophthalmology (hei tauira, Capsulotomy)
Ka taea e koe te whai hua mai i te tika o te mīhini taiaho nd yag i roto i te ophthalmology. He mea whakamahi noa tēnei taputapu mō ngā tikanga pēnei i te capsulotomy me te gonio-puncture, e āwhina ana ki te whakaora i te tirohanga me te whakahaere i te pēhanga o roto o te kanohi.
| Tukanga | Te Reiti Angitu (%) | IOP I mua (mm Hg) | IOP i muri i (mm Hg) | Ngā raruraru |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Te pokanga Gonio-Rēhia Nd:YAG | 79 | 20.9 | 11.9 | 2 ngā take o te hypotoni (kua whakatauhia) |
Ka kitea e koe he nui ngā angitu o ngā tikanga taiaho, ā, he iti noa ngā raruraru. He nui te whakapainga o te pēhanga kanohi me te mārama o te tirohanga a te nuinga o ngā tūroro.
Ko ētahi o ngā whakamahinga hou mō te mīhini taiaho nd yag ko te maimoatanga hakihaki, i reira i hua ake ai i ngā wā taiaho 1320 nm he hekenga 57% o ngā whara mumura me te hekenga 35% o ngā whara kore-mumura. Tērā pea ka kite koe i te hekenga o ngā kōmedona tuwhera me te maha o ngā whēka i muri i te maimoatanga.
Ngā Whakamahinga Ahumahi (Te Tapahi, Te Whakarewa, Te Tohu, Te Whakairo)
Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te mana o ngā mīhini taiaho Nd:YAG mō te whānuitanga o ngā mahi ahumahi. He tino tika te mahi a ēnei taiaho, ā, koinei te whiringa pai mō ngā kaihanga e hiahia ana ki ngā hua kounga teitei. Ina whakamahia e koe he taiaho Nd:YAG mō te tapahi, ka whiwhi koe i ngā taha ma me te iti o te kino wera. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei hangarau ngā pānga taha e puta pinepine ana i ngā tikanga tapahi tuku iho.
Ka whakawhirinaki ngā kaihanga ki ngā taiaho Nd:YAG hei tukatuka i ngā rauemi pēnei i te konumohe me te maitai kore waikura. Ka taea e koe te arotau i ngā tawhā tapahi hei whakapai ake i te tere me te kounga. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka taea e ēnei taiaho te whakahaere i ngā rauemi uaua me te whai hua, ahakoa me whakahaere e koe ngā tukunga tuarua. Mā te ngāwari o te tukanga tapahi taiaho ka taea e koe te hanga i ngā kōtaha konganuku uaua me te mahi me ngā matotoru rerekē.
Tohutohu: Ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i ngā hau āwhina rerekē hei whakapai ake i te mahi tapahi me te whakahaere i te kounga o te hua whakamutunga.
Ka whai hua anō hoki koe i ngā taiaho Nd:YAG i roto i ngā mahi whakarewa. Ka puta he whakarewa kaha, he rite tonu te kaha o te pūngao arotahi, me te kore e nui rawa te wera. Ka taea e koe te hono i ngā konganuku angiangi, matotoru rānei me te tika, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te piko, te hapa rānei.
Mō te tohu me te whakairo, ka tukuna e ngā taiaho Nd:YAG te māramatanga me te pakari e kore e taea te whakataurite. Ka taea e koe te whakairo i ngā tau rangatū, ngā waitohu, ngā waehere pae rānei ki runga i ngā konganuku, ngā kirihou, me ngā uku. He tere te tukanga, ā, ka waiho ngā tohu pumau e ātete ana ki te kakahu me te waikura.
| Tono | Painga Matua | Rauemi Noa |
|---|---|---|
| Te tapahi | Pānga wera iti rawa | Konumohe, maitai |
| Whakarewa | Ngā hononga kaha, tika | Ngā konganuku |
| Te Tohu | Ngā tohu mārama, pumau | Kirihou, uku |
| Te whakairo | He taipitopito teitei, he pakari | Ngā konganuku, ngā kirihou |
Ka taea e koe te whakahaere i te whakaputanga, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua, me te whakaiti i te para mā te whakauru i ngā mīhini taiaho Nd:YAG ki roto i tō rerenga mahi. Kei te whakamahi tonu ngā kaihanga i tēnei hangarau nā tōna pono me tōna whānui. Ki te rapu koe i ngā otinga matatau mō te tukatuka ahumahi, ka whakaratohia e ngā taiaho Nd:YAG ngā hua e hiahiatia ana e koe.
Ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki te mīhini taiaho nd yag mō te whānuitanga o ngā maimoatanga me ngā mahi ahumahi.
● Ka puta he hua haumaru, he tika hoki mō ngā momo kiri katoa, tae atu ki ngā tae pouri.
● Ka whai hua koe i te iti o te wā whakatā, me ngā tikanga kore-whakaeke.
● Ka tutuki i ngā ahumahi ngā whakarewa kaha ake me ngā tohu pumau mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha taiaho matatau.
| Ngā Auahatanga o te Ao | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Te tipu o te mākete | E matapaetia ana ka piki haere tonu tae noa ki te tau 2033 me ngā mahi auaha hou. |
| Te Whakaurunga o te AI me te IoT | Te mahi whakarei ake me ngā tono whānui ake. |
| Whakaritenga Hua | He maha atu ngā kōwhiringa mō ngā hiahia hauora me ngā hiahia ahumahi. |
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha ngā momo kiri ka taea te rongoā mā te mīhini taiaho Nd:YAG?
Ka taea e koe te rongoā i ngā momo kiri katoa, tae atu ki ngā tae pouri. Ka whakamahia e te taiaho Nd:YAG he roangaru roa ake e aro ana ki ngā paparanga hohonu ake, kia haumaru ai, kia whai hua ai hoki mō ngā momo kiri Fitzpatrick I ki te VI.
E hia ngā wā e hiahiatia ana mō te tango huruhuru?
E 4 ki te 6 ngā wā e hiahiatia ana kia pai ai te whakaiti i te makawe. Tērā pea ka kitea ngā hua i muri i ia wā. Ka tūtohu tō kaiwhakarato i tētahi kaupapa e pā ana ki te momo makawe me te tae o tō kiri.
He mamae te maimoatanga taiaho Nd:YAG?
Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te mamae iti i te wā e rongoatia ana. Ko te nuinga o ngā tūroro e whakaahua ana i te kare ā-roto he tere te pā mai, he mahana rānei. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakarato ngā taputapu whakamatao, ngā kirimi whakangote rānei hei whakapai ake i tō whakamarie.
Ka taea te tango i ngā moko maha-tae mā te whakamahi i te taiaho Nd:YAG?
Ka taea e koe te tango i ngā tae maha o te moko, inā koa ngā mangumangu pouri pērā i te mangu me te kikorangi. Ko ētahi tae, pērā i te kakariki, te kōwhai rānei, me whakamahi anō i ētahi atu wā, i ngā roangaru laser rerekē rānei hei tango katoa.
Wā tuku: 18 o Ākuhata 2025
